The calendar that was used in Israel during the time of Jesus and the apostles was much different from the one that most of the world uses today. The biblical calendar was lunar based rather than solar based, with the year composed of twelve months that coincided with the phases of the moon. The timing of the first day of each month (Rosh Chodesh) was established when two witnesses reported to the Sanhedrin that they had observed the first sliver of the new moon. The biblical month was a synodic month of 29.5306 days (29 days, 12 hours, 44+ minutes).
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